静电陀螺仪MUM小角度读取的相关技术研究

讨论了同步解调法实现静电陀螺仪质量不平衡调制（MUM，Mass-Unbalanced Modulation）小角度读取的原理，分析了影响读取分辨率的各种因素，并对其实施方案中的相关技术进行了探讨。研究表明，尽管MUM读取方案非常适用于实心转子静电陀螺仪，但前提是将其小角度读取的分辨率提高到可与光电方法相比的水平（角秒级）。要实现这一目标，首先要保证转子和电极的机械特性达到一定要求；在此基础上，还要在支承系统的结构、转子位移测量电路设计等方面进行精心设计。     

振荡燃烧的动态测试及信息处理

作者用随机信息处理方法研究了某型火箭发动机的燃烧状况,不仅发现该型发动机存在有振荡燃烧,而且获得了振荡燃烧信息的功率谱及功率谱阵。针对振荡燃烧信息在时间域和频率域上的随机性特点,作者精心地设计了测试系统,并对系统的性能参数进行了全面标定。经多次实测证明该系统工作可靠,信噪比较高。测试与分析结果表明:该型发动机振荡燃烧的主振测率为800Hz,最大振幅为43dB;并存在有1600Hz和2500Hz两个次级振荡频率;而且该发动机的振荡燃烧是以纵向振荡为主。为研究该型火箭发动机振荡燃烧的产生原因和消除方法提供了科学依据。     

作大范围运动弹性梁刚—柔耦合动力学建模

利用弹性梁的变形理论和 Hamilton力学原理对作大范围运动弹性梁的刚 -柔耦合动力学建模理论进行了研究。分析了大范围运动对弹性梁的横向振动和纵向振动的影响 ,得到了大范围运动与弹性梁的中线耦合变形之间的耦合作用对该系统动力学性质有显著的影响 ,从而提出了作大范围运动弹性梁的刚柔耦合动力学模型     

Effets d'une modulation en phase de température à la frontière sur l'instabilité convective d'une couche liquide viscoélastiqueEffects of a temperature modulation in phase at the frontier on the convective instability of a viscoelastic layer

In this Note we study the effects of the temperature modulation, applied at the horizontal boundaries, on the onset of convection of a horizontal liquid Maxwellian layer. It is assumed that the temperature imposed features a steady component and a time dependent component. To analyse the effect of the temperature modulation, the study is restricted to a linear stability analysis. Thus the Floquet theory and a technique of converting a boundary value problem to an initial value problem are used to solve the system of equations corresponding to the onset of convection. Results obtained may be used to characterize the influence of modulation effects and that of the viscoelastic nature of liquid on the critical Rayleigh number. To cite this article: B. Oukada et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Accurate Higher-Order Analytical Approximate Solutions to Large-Amplitude Oscillating Systems with a General Non-Rational Restoring Force

A new approximate analytical approach for accurate higher-order nonlinear solutions of oscillations with large amplitude is presented in this paper. The oscillatory system is subjected to a non-rational restoring force. This approach is built upon linearization of the governing dynamic equation associated with the method of harmonic balance. Unlike the classical harmonic balance method, simple linear algebraic equations instead of nonlinear algebraic equations are obtained upon linearization prior to harmonic balancing. This approach also explores large parameter regions beyond the classical perturbation methods which in principle are confined to problems with small parameters. It has significant contribution as there exist many nonlinear problems without small parameters. Through some examples in this paper, we establish the general approximate analytical formulas for the exact period and periodic solution which are valid for small as well as large amplitudes of oscillation.     

Autophagic failure promotes the exocytosis and intercellular transfer of α-synuclein

The accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates is a major characteristic of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson''s disease (PD). The intracytoplasmic deposition of α-synuclein aggregates and Lewy bodies, often found in PD and other α-synucleinopathies, is thought to be linked to inefficient cellular clearance mechanisms, such as the proteasome and autophagy/lysosome pathways. The accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates in neuronal cytoplasm causes numerous autonomous changes in neurons. However, it can also affect the neighboring cells through transcellular transmission of the aggregates. Indeed, a progressive spreading of Lewy pathology among brain regions has been hypothesized from autopsy studies. We tested whether inhibition of the autophagy/lysosome pathway in α-synuclein-expressing cells would increase the secretion of α-synuclein, subsequently affecting the α-synuclein deposition in and viability of neighboring cells. Our results demonstrated that autophagic inhibition, via both pharmacological and genetic methods, led to increased exocytosis of α-synuclein. In a mixed culture of α-synuclein-expressing donor cells with recipient cells, autophagic inhibition resulted in elevated transcellular α-synuclein transmission. This increase in protein transmission coincided with elevated apoptotic cell death in the recipient cells. These results suggest that the inefficient clearance of α-synuclein aggregates, which can be caused by reduced autophagic activity, leads to elevated α-synuclein exocytosis, thereby promoting α-synuclein deposition and cell death in neighboring neurons. This finding provides a potential link between autophagic dysfunction and the progressive spread of Lewy pathology.     

低场核磁共振短死时间射频线圈与射频开关的设计

本文以核磁共振（NMR）射频线圈振铃信号产生原理为对象进行分析研究,提出了一种适用于低场环境下由环状间隙腔线圈与螺线管线圈构成的收发分离式短死时间射频线圈设计方案,采用优化调谐匹配网络提高发射效率;根据射频线圈方案需求设计了快速切换的射频开关及驱动．在此基础上依据仿真结果制作了短死时间射频线圈,并应用于自主研制的低场9.51 MHz便携式NMR谱仪系统,进行NMR实验,结果显示可将收发切换时间缩短至10 μs以内,验证了该设计方案的可行性．     

Blind parameter estimation of pseudo-random binary code-linear frequency modulation signal based on Duffing oscillator at low SNR

Conventional parameter estimation methods for pseudo-random binary code-linear frequency modulation(PRBCLFM) signals require prior knowledge, are computationally complex, and exhibit poor performance at low signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs). To overcome these problems, a blind parameter estimation method based on a Duffing oscillator array is proposed. A new relationship formula among the state of the Duffing oscillator, the pseudo-random sequence of the PRBC-LFM signal, and the frequency difference between the PRBC-LFM signal and the periodic driving force signal of the Duffing oscillator is derived, providing the theoretical basis for blind parameter estimation. Methods based on amplitude method, short-time Fourier transform method, and power spectrum entropy method are used to binarize the output of the Duffing oscillator array, and their performance is compared. The pseudo-random sequence is estimated using Duffing oscillator array synchronization, and the carrier frequency parameters are obtained by the relational expressions and characteristics of the difference frequency. Simulation results show that this blind estimation method overcomes limitations in prior knowledge and maintains good parameter estimation performance up to an SNR of-35 d B.     

Phase-shift interferometry measured transmission matrix of turbid medium: Three-step phase-shifting interference better than four-step one

Transmission matrix(TM) is an important tool for controlling light focusing, imaging, and communication through turbid media. It can be measured by 3-step(TM3) or 4-step(TM4) phase-shifting interference, but the similarities and differences of the transmission matrices obtained by the two methods are rarely reported. Therefore, we make a quantitative comparison of the peak light intensity, signal-to-noise ratio, and average background of 24 × 24 = 576 focal points between paired samples(TM3–TM4) through the Wilcoxon rank sum test, and discuss the singular value of the transmission matrix and the focal peak. The comparative results of peak light intensity and signal-to-noise ratio show that there is a significant difference between the 3-step phase shift and the 4-step phase shift transmission matrixes. The focusing effect of the former is significantly better than that of the latter; interest concentrates on the focal intensity and singular value. The reciprocal of the singular value is proportional to the squared intensity, which is in accordance with singular value theory. The results of comparison of peak light intensity and signal-to-noise ratio strongly suggest that 3-step phase shift should be selected and used in applying the phase shift method to the measurement of the transmission matrix; and the singular value is of great significance in quantifying the focusing, imaging, and communication quality of the transmission matrix.     

Modulation spectroscopy study on additive-induced efficiency enhancement of PTB7:PC71BM organic photovoltaic devices

Additives have been known to play an important role for improving the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells. However, the reasons why additives improve the performance have not been clearly known yet. We employed an electrical modulated optical spectroscopy to investigate the relationship between the photovoltaic performance and additive concentration in organic photovoltaic devices. Our measured modulation spectra of a sample without additive showed both first- (-α’) and second-derivative (α”) components of the absorption spectrum. The second-derivative (α”) component in the modulation spectrum increased with the additive concentration. These results indicate that the sample without additive contains both localized (or Frenkel type) and relatively delocalized excitons and the added additive results in a significant increase of the relatively delocalized excitons. We conclude that the increased delocalized excitons lead to a significant additive-induced improvement of the photovoltaic-device performance.